Environmental context Total organofluorine and known fluorosurfactants were quantified in 11 aqueous film forming foams (AFFFs) used to extinguish fires in Ontario, Canada, and one commercial AFFF product. Continued study of ground-water contamination at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan, defined the movement and distribution of volatile organic compounds in the glacial sand and gravel aquifer at known sites of contamination, and has defined new plumes at two other sites. These mission were into Iraq. The documentary by Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Sara Ganim focuses on PFAS contamination at the former Wurtsmith Air Force Base in Oscoda, Michigan. [5] The 379th Bomb Wing immediately continued the 4026thStrategic Wing operations and training. [1] Wurtsmith Air Force Base was 2nd Lt. Nortons firstpermanent duty station in the United States Air Force.[1]. Once we brought that up and cleaned the tag, we knew it was the 221226 serial number.. They resumed the investigation last spring. There were 10 passengers and six crew members on board. Within a few days, a mere 28 Airmen established housing for over 400 personnel, replete with . My first daughter was born there at their hospital.my ex husband now, is very sick. Wurtsmith Air Force Base is said to have originally started with a fishing trip between two men. Im slowly working my way up from 1924 to the present. JOINT BASE SAN ANTONIO-LACKLAND, Texas - Announced in late 2021 by the spouse of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Sharene Brown, it increases focus and attention on the top five quality of life challenges military families face. to share information regarding health issues, and probable chemical exposure via base water sources. Drinking water laced with high levels of poisonous chemicals may be to blame for cancer and other chronic disease among veterans and families who lived at Wurtsmith Air Force Base in northern Michigan, according to a new federal health report draft. The last was delivered in December 1930. With all of this in a single family, the V.A. [1] As soon as the wheels touched down the clock would be reset and they could be sent out on another assignment. Drinking Water At Wurtsmith AFB Contaminted. Investigation determined a defective tire caused the accident. Kelly mentioned she'd been thinking about getting . Wurtsmith Air Force Base is a decommissioned United States Air Force base in northeastern Iosco County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The Wurtsmith Air Museum is an all-volunteer, 501(c)(3) non-profit organization, dedicated to preserving the history of Wurtsmith Air Force Base and aviation in Northeastern Michigan. This is heinous, and my heart goes out to so many. On June 30th, 1993 the 379th Bomb Wing was disbanded and Wurtsmith Air Force Base was closed. [4] Its mission was to, maintain half of the fleet on a 15 minute alert, meaning the plane could be in, the air in 15 minutes, to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet preemptive missile, strike. Wurtsmith Air Force base (Oscoda), Michigan; PFAS Water Contamination Map . City officials in Dayton, Ohio, have also found the response from the Air Force to cleanup contamination at Wright Patterson Air Force Base to be inadequate. In this June 6, 2018 photo, PFAS foam washes up on the shoreline of Van Etten Lake in Oscoda Township, Mich., near Wurtsmith Air Force Base. Although in the past the Wurtsmith Air Force Base was extremely successful there are some prevalent issues with it today. It was also possible for these missions to originate in the United States. OSCODA, Mich. - Oscoda residents and PFAS activists today held a press conference on the shores of Van Etten Lake to set the record straight on the Air Force's contamination of their community from the former Wurtsmith Air . Veteran Compensation Programs. Many of drums ruptured. A sand and gravel aquifer of glacial origin underlies Wurtsmith Air Force Base in northeastern lower Michigan. [1] This meant that they could be flying a mission supporting a fighter squadron in Iraq, then be redirected to refuel a bomber squadron over Saudi Arabia, then fly back to Spain to land. The cockpit was fairly easy to enter and exit, but the doors had a tendency to fly open in midair at high speed if improperly secured. [5] The 379th Bomb Wing immediately continued the 4026th, During the Pacific conflicts personnel and the KC-135, Stratotankers were deployed to forward bases in the Pacific to support land, operations. Residents of the Oscoda area raised $600 to clear 40 acres of land next to the lake as a spot for a training camp and target range. The gunnery range was tasked with training pilots from, Selfridge air base in the challenging maneuvers required to land a DeHavilland, biplane on the frozen lake Van Etten for the young Army Air Corps. "It was a city within a city. [1] This meant that there was always at least three, B-52s armed with nuclear bombs, ready to take off at a moments notice. Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Mich., served primarily as a combat crew and bomber training base throughout its 70-year history. The Tuskegee Airmen were African-American members of the 332nd Fighter Group and 477th Bombardment Group of the United States Army Air Force who fought in Europe during World War II. Testing by the Air Force has found high levels of the toxic chemical PFOS in the foam near a plume coming from the former nuclear bomber base. One of these men were named Lt. Ennis Whitehead. U.S. From: Members of the ground crew move a maintenance cart into position next to a B-52 Stratofortress aircraft parked on the flight line. They were stationed at the air base from 1986 to 1993. It has been discovered that the chemicals that are impacting the health of these local citizens are chemicals that come from the foam that fire fighters used to put out fires that were on the base. [1], As new technologies and mission goals evolved with time the need for the Strategic Air Commands need for the northern tier became obsolete. Wurtsmith AFB has a better paper trail showing irrefutable evidence of contamination of the base drinking water with Trichloroethelene (TCE) first discovered in 1977 as a result of a complaint from a base housing resident. On January 18, 1994 it was listed as a Superfund due to extensive groundwater contamination with heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds, including trichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane . During the Gulf War these planes were run practically 24/7, landing only to swap flight crews to meet the flight crew rest requirements. In a fly off against the contemporary Boeing P-12B, the P-6E was faster, but the P-12B was more maneuverable. Call 205.328.9200 Claim Application. [1] This was followed by one and a half weeks of normal day to day activities, until the flight crew relieved crew on ready alert in the bunkers. Wurtsmith Air Force Base has been an integral part of the United States Air Force from the 1920's to June 3rd 1993. . I was shocked when we drove to a wooded area not far from bomber alert pad and WSA up the road of the k9 area where a bull dozed had dug a large trench and we were ordered to dump the shit. DISCLAIMER: Information displayed on U.S. The majority of married enlisted and officers preferred to live on base because of the free daycare for children. Today, the Wurtsmith Air Force Base has a museum where you can learn about its history. This judgement flies in the face provided by the federal ATSDR and the National Institute of Health. The base was put into a standby status to be there just in case something happened in those areas. 1942 -- Camp Skeel is renamed Oscoda Army Air Field and becomes a P-47 fighter base. I have always scheduled an apt with my dr to talk about the possibility of how this may have affected me. The single officers who lived on base lived in a dorm type building. USVCP Staff Writers . At this time Wurtsmith Air Force Base was still part of the, Strategic Air Commands bomber fleet. These planes arrived at dawn on the first day of the Gulf War. Since its establishment in 1923, Wurtsmith played an important role in World War II, Vietnam and the Persian Gulf War, hosting the 134th Army Air Force Base Fighter Unit and 379th Bombardment Wing respectively. Powerplant: 1 Allison V-1710-85 liquid-cooled V-12, 1,200 hp (895 kW), Maximum speed: 376 mph (605 km/h) (Redline dive speed was 525 mph), Range: 525 miles on internal fuel (840 km). [5] The 379th flew with a Triangle K tail flash to continue the, tradition from their World War II counterparts. Environmental groups are calling on the Air Force and the State of Michigan to get serious about cleaning up PFAS around the site of the former Wurtsmith Air Force Base. "The Department of Defense is evaluating [cleanup standards], and we take our lead from what the Department of Defense says," said Stephen TerMaath, who leads the Air Force division in charge of Wurtsmith cleanup. Veterans of the former Wurtsmith Air Force Base in Oscoda from the 1970s, and their families who lived with them on the base, face increased risks of leukemia and other harmful effects from prolonged exposures to toxic volatile organic compounds that were in the now-shuttered base's water supply at the time, a federal health agency has found. It has recently been discovered that that the base has been leaking chemicals into the surrounding waterways. After a devastating fire in Oscoda which cleared over 600 buildings, the remaining citizens heard about the proposal to clear an area for the base. The former base includes 4,626 acres (1,872ha) located approximately two miles west of Lake Huron in the Charter Township of Oscoda, bordered by Van Ettan Lake, the The main mission of Oscoda Army Air Field, at the time, was to defend Sault Ste. I will try and highlight some of the most interesting aircraft and their stories!. Military History of the Upper Great Lakes, Over the 50 years of operation Wurtsmith Air Force Base had many, different missions. A new report compiled by a local group, Need Our Water (NOW) and the National Wildlife Federation . I was stationed there from 11/84-1989. The 5,223-acre Wurtsmith Air Force Base (Wurtsmith AFB) is located on the northeastern part of Michigans lower peninsula. She has all kinds of problems, my ex died of cancer and I have all kinds of problems. During the Cold War, the base became part of Strategic Air Command. They also were known as the Red Tails because they painted the tails of their aircraft red. Thisflight crew would spend one week in the bunker and be confined to an undiscloseddistance from the bunker. In a nutshell, this is what were trying to do get permission to relocate the parts so they would resemble a plane, David Losinski said. The Losinskis found an account of the crash in the Times Herald. Home Buyers Guide; Find a Real Estate Agent; Price: $299,000. Typically, brown-ish water occurs when there is large change in pressure/flow in a distribution system. Therefore, regardless of the location of cancer in your body, we strongly encourage you to contact our law firm if you spent time at Wurtsmith Air Force Base, either as a veteran or as a family member of one, to recover the financial compensation you are entitled to. [2] The flight crashed at 2:20PM while returning from K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base in the Upper Peninsula. Now that the contamination has reached the Au Sable river, it could potentially carry this contamination into Lake Huron. [4] Its mission was tomaintain half of the fleet on a 15 minute alert, meaning the plane could be inthe air in 15 minutes, to reduce vulnerability to a Soviet preemptive missilestrike. She gave Kelly the rundown of the base. [1] Mr. Nortonarrived fresh from navigation school as a 2nd Lieutenant at Wurtsmith Air ForceBase in the fall of 1985. Members of the Tuskegee Airmen, trained at Oscoda for several weeks and stayed on the base. Before we move on to that, however, it is very much worth examining a very similar incident that occurred over Wurtsmith Air Force Base in Michigan on 30 th October. [3], www.nytimes.com/1988/10/12/us/six-are-killed-in-crash-of-an-air-force-tanker.html, www.wurtsmithairmuseum.org/Wurtsmith_AFB/wurtsmith_afb.html, www.strategic-air-command.com/bases/Wurtsmith_AFB.htm, www.strategic-air-command.com/wings/0379bw.htm, http://ss.sites.mtu.edu/mhugl/2015/10/11/wurtsmith-air-force-base/, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurtsmith_Air_Force_Base. Wurtsmith Air Force Base is a decommissioned United States Air Force base in Iosco County, Michigan.It operated from 1923 until decommissioned in 1993. [1]After one week in the bunker on ready alert the flight crew would be relieved. With this long list of negative effects it is clearly a big health issue for local residents. For more information regarding services offered by the Lackland Air Force Base Education Center, call 210-671-2895 or DSN 473-2895. . Their water table has been contaminated with high levels of PFOA because of the leakage of chemicals from Wurtsmith Air Force Base. I worked on the flight line. The sources Im using include The Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFRA); Photo collections from Wurtsmith Museum; Photo collections from Selfridge Museum, Selfridge AFB Historical files; and Aircraft Accident Reports. I have had sever kidney problems since 1983 that carried on into my mid teens. If there's a main break, sections of the base will . [2] The flight crashed at 2:20PM while returning from K. I. Sawyer Air Force Base in the Upper Peninsula. [1] As tensions increased around the world and the likelihood of an actual mission being flown while on ready alert increased, the week, The typical activities while not on ready alert varied greatly, from person to person. At least thirty French piloted P-47 aircraft accidents were reported at Oscoda AAF during the time period 1944-1945 and resulted in at least four pilots killed. It was criticized for its low service ceiling, its slow rate of climb, and its generally poor high-altitude performance. The 379th was reassigned to Wurtsmith Air Force Base, Michigan without personnel or equipment in January 1961, assuming the aircraft, personnel and equipment of the discontinued 4026th Strategic Wing. Tests in Michigan near the former Wurtsmith Air Force base have found PFOS in groundwater at levels as high as 42,000 ppt. [3], [1] Dave Norton, Former United States Air Force Captain, interviewed on 23 OCT 2017, [2] Ap. Mr. Norton would occasionally return to fresh fish left by his neighbor on his porch. After one week in the bunker on ready alert the flight crew would be relieved. During those efforts, they noted several areas they wanted to investigate, including one about four miles north of the Blue Water Bridge. This could be from hydrant flushing or a water main break. the first KC-135 in operation Southern Watch. I was born on base November 1978, and lived on base with my mom, brother born 1989 on base, and my dad, a civil engineer stationed on base until oct 1982. The single enlisted airmen who lived on base were housed in barracks. We didnt know really what we had.. Robert Krouse, 12/31/19Stationed at Wurtsmith AFB from 1978 to 1980 and lived in barracks. [1] On May 9th 1961 the first B-52 landed in Wurtsmith Air Force Basesignifying the re-designation to a Strategic Air Command Base. [1] Mr. Norton, arrived fresh from navigation school as a 2nd Lieutenant at Wurtsmith Air Force, Base in the fall of 1985. Report also stated that the Oscoda Michigan gunnery field was very rough and sandy and notoriously hard on wheels, landing gears etc. The Wurtsmith Air Force Incident. Learn how your comment data is processed. [5] Wurtsmith AFB, Mich SAC 379th Bomb Wing B-52, www.strategic-air-command.com/bases/Wurtsmith_AFB.htm. I have had many other health issues since and have recently found all of this. All the artifacts that were taken off were replaced in their original position and original situation except for the tag we cleaned up, he said. I am pretty sure Diabetes and Sleep Apnea I have now and neuro dammage in both arms are related , So Presumptive Claims puzzleing I have a claim in and never heard anything I know Senator Kilddee of Michigan is trying to help veterans on this matter but congress are dragging this out. Facebook: Wurtsmith AFB Water Health Issues via water Created to serve as a reference point for former WAFB residents to share information regarding health issues, and probable chemical exposure via base water sources. Wurtsmith AFB Water Health Issues via water, Organochlorine Pesticides Levels at George AFB Family Housing. Representatives Dan Kildee (MI-05) and Elissa Slotkin (MI-08) today urged the U.S. Air Force to take more significant steps to address PFAS contamination around the former Wurtsmith Air Force Base near Oscoda. Ruben C. Moffat flew a P-6 converted with a supercharged Conqueror engine on a record-breaking flight. Only after, the plains were airborne would the crew be notified if it was a drill or not.[1]. The average person has around 3 or 4 parts per billion of these chemicals present in their blood. My daughter was born at the base hospital. Timothy Marcum, 1/15/2071-73 camp lejeune nc bad water va in redding pretends they know nothing about having problems. The P-47s radial engine proved remarkably resistant to battle damage and, with its heavy armament and well-armored cockpit, the Thunderbolt established a reputation as one of the most effective fighter-bombers of the war. The P-6 Hawk (1932-1937) Aircraft was @ Oscoda. In 1960 it became part of the Strategic Air Command . In 1955 Wurtsmith Air Force Base became an official permanent post in the United States Air Force, which meant that many new services were implemented on base. This gave the Army operations the opportunity to begin creating the base we know today. Student projects from Michigan Tech's SS3505 Military History of the United States, on the people, places, and objects involving our military history in the upper Great Lakes region. What us the compensation for this? The aquifer overlies a thick clay layer at an average depth of 65 feet. Im using a combination of several source materials to tell the history of the area. It excelled in low-altitude ground support as a well-built and reliable aircraft capable of absorbing quite a bit of battle damage. Mr. Norton remarked that they were flying the wings off of the planes. High blood serum levels of PFOA are associated with infertility, decreased semen quality, and a higher risk of thyroid disease. These high levels of PFOA elevate the risks of kidney cancer, mesothelioma, and diabetes. Aug 24, 2021. Michigan Radio. Congress set a May 2022 deadline for the DOD to report on the cleanup status of these bases, the Filthy 50, with extremely high levels of PFAS contamination. Click on a marker for base information. Physical Location:4071 East Van Ettan StreetOscoda, Michigan 48750, Mailing Address:PO Box 664Oscoda, Michigan 48750, Tele: (989) 739-7555(Not answered Nov-Apr)Email:email@wurtsmithairmuseum.net, AN ARTIFACT FROM WURTSMITHS COLD WAR PAST HAS RETURNED HOME, There was one final project I wanted to accomplish before departing my assignment as Flight Commander of Aircrew Flight Equipment and SERE at the. Photos of P-47s flown by French Pilots at Oscoda. It had everything in it. Since, 2010 sampling by the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy (EGLE) and the U.S. Air Force has identified elevated levels of PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) contamination in drinking water wells and some locally caught fish and deer. Paul B. Wurtsmith Air Force Base closed in 1993, dealing a sharp blow to the economy of rural Iosco County. Why are you focusing only on chlordane and other organochlorine pesticide (OCP) contamination at the Family Housing? This air field was in dire need of a gunnery range because they being forced out of their gunnery range on Lake St. Clair. [5] In recent years groundwater contamination has be linked to jet fuel, cleaning agents, and fire suppression agents used at Wurtsmith Air Force Base. He said the wreckage from the plane is scattered across the lake bottom. Lt. Ennis also thought it would be a great place for young Army Air corps to test aircraft (WAFB.net). [1] This meant that they could be flying a mission supporting a fighter squadron in Iraq, then be redirected to refuel a bomber squadron over Saudi Arabia, then fly back to Spain to land. Engine not damaged. The museum's exhibits are extensive and incredibly high-quality -- including several aircraft that can be examined up . Only afterthe plains were airborne would the crew be notified if it was a drill or not. Because of the economic impact of Wurtsmith Air Force Base the community was generally supportive of the airmen, and the base itself. In 1977 the 379th Bomb Wing upgraded the B-52H fleet to B-52G, During the Gulf War B-52s from Wurtsmith Air Force Base were flown. [1] This meant that there was always at least threeB-52s armed with nuclear bombs, ready to take off at a moments notice. [6] 379th Bomb Wing Homestead AFB B-47 Wurtsmith AFB B-52, www.strategic-air-command.com/wings/0379bw.htm. The "Red Tail" P-51 Mustangs flown by the Tuskeegee Airmen []. Two years after release I started to experience very visible loss of musculature and strength. The base became a permanent installation on January 1, 1951, when the U. S. Air Force designated it as a fighter training base for the Air Defense command. Welcome to The WAFB Historical Site dedicated to preserving the history and heritage of Wurtsmith Air Force Base and the units assigned there. My husband and our two children lived there from 1985-1993 I have a nerve problem my daughter has autoimmune (MS) youngest daughter has kidney problems. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. The popular legend, supported by interviews and other historical documents, is that Wurtsmith was established as the direct result of a fishing trip by Lt. Ennis Whitehead (later Lt. Gen. Whitehead, commander of the Fifth and Far Eastern Air Forces during and after World War . The KC-135s would finish one mission and there would be another one waiting for them as soon as they were available. Even after the base closed in 1993, the base maintained a fire staff for many years. No injuries to the pilot. Had some issue at Loring Maine where I was stationed from 86-88 and nothing.VA is cricket s on this Richard Stanfill, 12/5/21I was stationed there from 1982 to October of 1985 and lost my left kidney to 3rd stage clear cell carcinoma I never smoked or did drugs. The Wurtsmith Air Force Base, created in 1923, played a large role in WWII. purposes only, and is not legal advice. TCE in another well on Jet Street near the present day Wurtsmith AFB museum was 1,739-ppb. As previously stated, there is a museum open to the public which has artifacts and information on the bases history. If a banker had not taken Lt. Whitehead on a fishing trip there would not have been an Air Force Base in Oscoda Michigan. According to the Air Force's account, in October 1977, a Wurtsmith base housing resident complained about a peculiar odor and taste in the drinking water. After all of that great history, the Wurtsmith Air Force Base is still standing as a place that is visited by a plethora of people. While the vast majority of personnel on Wurtsmith Air, Force Base were not part of a flight crew rotating through ready alert, their, respective jobs all served to ensure those planes could take off at a moments, notice. U.S. Air Force should abide by state of Michigan's PFAS Standards, state must hold Air Force accountable. The 700 hp Conqueror engine was exceptionally powerful for its day, but it had many minor and some major faults which needed to be corrected. Major Gary Geiger assigned to the 911TH Safety Office with me back in the late 60's or early 70's was a Navitgator on the B-52's assigned to Westover AFB as he used to tell me when we deployed there do not know if he did time at Wurstmith AFB. The ROAM system ensures that aircraft are serviced . March 7, 1942: The first class of Tuskegee Airmen graduate from U.S. Army Air Force Tuskegee Army Air Field, Alabama. In July 2018 the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), set the table for Congress to consider legislation that would force the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to extend health benefits to base veterans without making them prove their illnesses are linked to chemical exposure. I like combining historical photographs with the stories behind them. There is an ongoing project to decontaminate the area. This meant that Wurtsmith Air Force Base was essentially a self-contained airport with all of the necessities to support a full community on Base. The Realignment of Griffiss Air Force Base. A bomber squadron for example would be sent out to destroy a target and return to its home base within a week. The P-6 was generally similar to the P-1 in construction and appearance. The Losinskis are divers David has been diving since 1977; his son, Drew, since 2002 and both are former members of the St. Clair County Dive Team. Wurtsmith Air Force base was one of five, northern tier bases in the Strategic Air Commands arsenal. More than 40 private businesses and public agencies use the former Air Force facilities and infrastructure, providing more than 1,300 jobs to the area, as well as the conversion of former base housing to 700 privately owned residential homes. This resulted in KC-135 squadrons spending a greater amount of time on temporary duty assignments than other squadrons from Wurtsmith Air Force Base. At the time, George was a hub of F-4 Phantom fighter jets and OV-10 Bronco reconnaissance planes. The chemicals, notably benzene and trichloroethylene (TCE), were documented at extremely high levels in Wurstmith AFB water many times when the former Strategic Air Command (SAC) base was active and home to B-52 Bomber Wings. He brought this idea to the attention of his squadron commander Major Carl Spaatz. This man later took the proposal to build a gunnery range to the people of Oscoda. This includes extra parts, munitions, fuel, and flight crews. The landing gear was changed from rubber-block shock absorbers inside the fuselage to oleo-and-spring units mounted in the outer forward strut. My family lived on this base in 1983 to 1987, are we at risk? This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The Air Force says, Any aircraft before 1961, weve abandoned it.. [5] While the 379th, Bomb Wing was stationed at Wurtsmith Air Force Base they were part of the Ready, Alert Nuclear Strike Force. [4] Enchanted Forest Web Page Design Service. [6] The 379th Bomb Wing wasdisbanded on June 30th 1993. The Air Force knew about the contamination and spent millions since 1977 to try to cover up the problem by adding phosphates to mask the odor of the chemical in the water. The tire bead failed, allowing the casing to slip over the rim on one side and bind on edge of the wheel fairing on takeoff. All four of the the guys that were in that flight were from Tuskegee, Losinksi said. [5] In recent years groundwater contamination has be linked to jet fuel, cleaning agents, and fire suppression agents used at Wurtsmith Air Force Base. The site of Wurtsmith Air Force Base is located 2 miles Northwest of Oscoda, Michigan, about 150 miles North of Detroit. [1] This tight knit community was not confined to just the Air Force Base, but extended into the community as well. My son, was born on the base, has a malformed aorta and congenital nerve damage hearing loss. [1] Mr. Norton also landed. Here is a list of military bases that are known to have had their drinking water contaminated with PFAS chemicals: Alameda Naval base, California. If you are interested in any particular aircraft of time period please let me know. During the Pacific conflicts personnel and the KC-135Stratotankers were deployed to forward bases in the Pacific to support landoperations. These Air Force bases were remote. Wurtsmith Air Force Base is a decommissioned United States Air Force base that was closed by the 1991 Base Realignment and Closure Commission (BRAC 2) and is a proposed EPA Superfund site. Service ceiling 27,200 feet, and range was 260 miles. I served at Wursmith AFB from 1982 to 1989, living in base housing the entire time and drinking the water. Wurtsmith Air, Force Base was constructed with a runway layout specifically for this. 1970 - The Air Force knew that some of the Webb Air Force Base Family Housing units, located in Big Spring Texas, were contaminated with and the occupants exposed to a large quantity of chlordane. However, the drawdown was fairly rapid after that and they were quickly replaced by P-38s, P-47s and P-51s. 70-77 lived on base housing with family, flight line assistant supervisor. How is it that these large and respected scientific organizations can continue to be ignored in the face of statistically overwhelming data and human impacts. distance from the bunker. U.S.
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