The answer? Notice: Function is_feed was called incorrectly.Conditional query tags do not work before the query is run. The gun is the most visible part, but the whole system must work well to make the gun effective. Protective vests called flak jackets were first used in World War II; the word flak comes from the abbreviated form of the German word Flugabwehrkanone, a type of antiaircraft gun. Press J to jump to the feed. Personal thoughts on it:Probably the cannon works with some sort of a pneumatic contraption. Flak as we know it ( the exploding ordinance variety ) works by using fuses. In order to be used with gun projectiles, which experience extremely high acceleration and centrifugal forces, the fuze design also needed to utilize many shock hardening techniques. Acting like a normal bullet in flight, then after a short delay, it will explode into 5 more bullets. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. After so many seconds, the shell would detonate like a times bomb. One may use a timed fuse in the shell. Explain Like I'm Five is the best forum and archive on the internet for layperson-friendly explanations. By April 1945 44 percent of the flak arm was made up of people unqualified for combat, foreign nationals or prisoners of war.. It is estimated that it increases the lethality by 5 to 10 times, compared to these other fuzes.[4][5]. Regular $179.99 (Save $50.00) $129.99. Why choose humask pro masks?Why choose humask pro masks? Making the right shell for your gun's role and gauge can be difficult as the sheer number of options is staggering. Anointed items can only spawn as world drops for a character that has completed the main story. Weapons and Ammunition. Luckily the much higher altitude B-17s ( which were designed to fly around 30,000 ft and above and a bomb sight that was supposed to work at that level) were friendlys to land at the airbase. The details of the British experiments were passed to the United States Naval Research Laboratory and National Defense Research Committee (NDRC). However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. [61], Bombs and rockets fitted with radio proximity fuzes were in limited service with both the USAAF and USN at the end of WW2. The probability of a direct hit on a small moving target is low; a shell that just misses the target will not explode. While it doesn't do as much damage per shot as the Longneck (165 damage compared to the Longneck's 280) it can be fired 8 times before needing to be reloaded. In 1944 the number of 128mm rounds per aircraft shootdown was 3,000, less than one-fifth the number expended by its 88mm counterpart. Life on Royal Navy aircraft carrier(1960), Hush-Kit Joe talking 10 favouriteaircraft, The case for the P-47 Thunderbolt being the greatest fighter of the Second WorldWar, The Republic P-47 Thunderbolt MafiaFamily, 10 things you need to know about the P-47Thunderbolt. Tracer bullets contain a substance that burns and gives off light, aiding the gunner in aiming. In the post-World War II era, a number of new proximity fuze systems were developed, including radio, optical, and other means. All of these suffered from the large size of pre-WWII electronics and their fragility, as well as the complexity of the required circuitry. Blank ammunition, used in training and for salutes, has a paper, wax, or plastic wad or pellet in place of the bullet. A ship's propeller rotating in water produces a powerful hydroacoustic noise which can be picked up using a hydrophone and used for homing and detonation. One may use a timed fuse in the shell. 56/57 single axle ammunition trailer towed by late war self-propelled Flak guns. The 20mm caliber is a specific size of cannon or autocannon ammunition. As most of the British heavy anti-aircraft guns were deployed in a long, thin coastal strip, dud shells fell into the sea, safely out of reach of capture. Across the U.S. Army and Marine Corps, the initial combat load was intended to be carried in the M1923 Cartridge Belt. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Automatic fuze setters were used as an 88 could fire 15-20 shells per minute and even the 128mm could manage 12 per minute. . These are enough to make up for its cons. Observers may not be practical in many situations, the ground may be uneven, and the practice is slow in any event. It has a speed of between 2,600 to 2,700 ft/s; an energy of between 3,300 and 3, 500 Joules. Indeed when you compare these numbers to the more effective 128mm AA gun the numbers are intriguing. . I would say the Germans and the Allies had guns and systems that were equal in effectiveness. The anti-aircraft artillery range at Kirtland Air Force Base in New Mexico was used as one of the test facilities for the proximity fuze, where almost 50,000 test firings were conducted from 1942 to 1945. How Do Aa Cannon Ammunition Work? When the Allies began to use the term is not known. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The famous flak gun became one of the most feared anti-tank weapons of the Second World War, serving everywhere from the sands of North Africa to the snowy wastelands of the Russian front. [9], Given their previous work on radio and radiosondes at NBS, Diamond and Hinman developed the first all solid-state[when? Their light and medium flak over the battlefield was also highly effective and took a great toll on Allied fighter bombers. [37] These tests included low- and high-temperature tests, humidity tests, and sudden jolt tests. Therefore, their speed is much lower and this makes them less dangerous to those on the ground. Images of CAD renderings can be found below. One may use a timed fuse in the shell. There is a Luftwaffe flying eagle clutching a swastika in his talons at the top. At the time, phosphorus was the primary ingredient in the incendiary charge and ignited upon firing, leaving a trail of blue smoke. Flak in World War II takes the reader from the invasion of Poland in 1939 right to the last Japanese aircraft shot down by AA fire in August 1945. (Yikes! (in an allied country). What is the meaning of the word swappable? Pressure sensors are usually used in combination with other fuze detonation technologies such as acoustic and magnetic induction. A great little gun that packs 10+1 rounds of 9mm and features a 3.4" barrel - perfect for our carry gun test. The Flakpanzer 341 is armed with 2 37mm FlaK 44 cannons side by side in the turret. Regular $49.99 (Save $15.00) The main targets for these proximity fuze detonated bombs and rockets were anti-aircraft emplacements and airfields.[62]. Flak guns were actually used against the Soviets in the defense of Berlin. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. They suggested the system would be useful for the coast artillery units, who could accurately measure the range to shipping even at night. Like its World War II namesake, the Flakpanzer 38 (t), the Gepard was based on the hull of an existing tank. If my health was such that I was still in to historical board and miniatures games I betcha this would, umm, lets say, engender energetic conversation, in that realm. The first bomb in the stick was fitted with an impact fuze while the other bombs were fitted with pressure sensitive diaphragm actuated detonators. Answer (1 of 7): > how and why does a plane still go down if the flak missed? [31] Tuve claimed that despite being pleased by the outcome of the Butement et al. In other words, artillery is a system with a number of interacting components. (LogOut/ It's also against Geneva conversations to use flak guns against infantry. There were also over two thousand suppliers and subsuppliers, ranging from powder manufacturers to machine shops. [9] Tuve's group was known as Section T, not APL, throughout the war. What is the safe score in JEE Mains 2021? These guns have enough damage potential to down a single-engine aircraft with a single shot, with 2 or 3 needed to down larger aircraft. As opposed to earlier designs, the B Mark VI was a true incendiary rather than tracer ammunition. When I say sheer firepower, in January 1944 20,625 flak guns were protecting the Reich, and even a German Flak officer estimated 4,000 x 88mm shells were needed to down one bomber. Low and medium level flak was even more effective. [57], The Pentagon refused to allow the Allied field artillery use of the fuzes in 1944, although the United States Navy fired proximity-fuzed anti-aircraft shells during the July 1943 invasion of Sicily. As the missile cruises towards its target the laser energy simply beams out into space. " Therefore, firing a +1 arrow from a +1 shortbow results in a +2 to the attack and damage rolls. Most, if not all, of the histories deal with the great air battles strictly in terms of aircraft vs. aircraft; the great fighter aces and how many bombers were shot down by Spitfires, Bf 109s, Fw 190s and Me 110 and Ju 88 night-fighters. Similarly, incendiary ammunition was used against non-rigid observation balloons. Flak as we know it ( the exploding ordinance variety ) works by using fuses. Thomas Kirkman May 27, 2020 @ 1:20pm. Front shows a flak 88 artillery gun in the center with a German eagle clutching a swastika in his talons at the top. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. 50 Rounds of 124gr MC 9mm Ammo by Remington. [20], The first reference to the concept of radar in the UK was made by W. A. S. Butement and P. E. Pollard, who constructed a small breadboard model of a pulsed radar in 1931. Facing flak over 'RSS illiterate' remark, Kumar Vishwas issues clarification,In a video, Kumar Vishwas said that he was talking about a boy who works in his office and, coincidentally, is also an RSS worker. Not FLAK in particular but I wanted to clear up a bit about fragmentation shells in general. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Radio frequency sensing (radar) is the main sensing principle for artillery shells. "[27] The critical work of adapting the fuze for anti-aircraft shells was done in the United States, not in England. [55], At first the fuzes were only used in situations where they could not be captured by the Germans. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Work on the radio shell fuze was completed by Tuve's group, known as Section T, at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab (APL). Pilots were permitted to deploy them against only zeppelins and balloons. It examines heavy flak defences, flak over the battlefield, the failure of ship AA defences early in the war; specifically the Bismarck and the sinking of the Prince of Wales and Repulse in 1941, AA . The versatile gun earned nearly mythical status among Allied flyers, infantrymen, and tank crews. . Butement, W. A. S., and P. E. Pollard; "Coastal Defence Apparatus", Butement, W. A. S., et al. Each pocket could carry 1 en bloc clip with 8 rounds for the M1 Rifle or 2 stripper clips with 5 rounds for the M1903 rifle. The units come from different Camps in Warpath. Incendiary ammunition is a type of ammunition that contains a chemical that, upon hitting a hard obstacle, has the characteristic of causing fire/setting flammable materials in the vicinity of the impact on fire. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. The combination of these three inventions was successful in shooting down many V-1 flying bombs aimed at London and Antwerp, otherwise difficult targets for anti-aircraft guns due to their small size and high speed. Notes. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. We directly support the repository at WW2.ORG, and several other worthwhile projects that add to the historical record. ). [10] These included acoustic fuzes triggered by engine sound, one based on electrostatic fields developed by Rheinmetall Borsig, and radio fuzes. Shrapnel wounds became so common that eventually any wound from a metal fragment tended to be called "shrapnel" in general: from hang grenades, from debris thrown by an explosion, etc. Flak is a contraction of German Flugabwehrkanone (also referred to as Fliegerabwehrkanone) meaning "aircraft-defense cannon", the original purpose of the weapon. The obvious choice would be the Luftwaffes AA defenses, but I would point to the US Navys development of the VT fuse or radar equipped proximity fuse. It also left a characteristic black cloud hanging in the sky. It had a low muzzle velocity and was only accurate to about 200 yards, assuming ammunition was available to fire - which was rarely. Proximity fuzes fitted to such weapons as artillery and mortar shells solve this problem by having a range of set burst heights [e.g. Flak is defined as the bursting shells shot at aircraft from enemy guns on the ground, or criticism or opposition. Shorter barrel, a little less velocity, and a good bit more stress on hollow point performance through barriers. Why do I stay the same weight no matter what I do? Bullet 50 feet from the plane? (96) And so, there is evidence that there may soon be a pivot towards a Plan B; a long term insurgency, similar to the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan. The placement of the slug magazine on the weapon doesn't make any sense even there unfortunatly. Others, such as the Czechoslovak 37 mm and 47 mm guns and the Russian . The tables below give the armor penetration figures of the most common German guns used during the Second World War. Wide vertical pin back with a c-catch. Little priority was given to the project . Understanding how the shell types behave and when to use them is important to achieving optimum results in battle. Despite intense work by the Germans to finish the project, it was finally put out of action by a raid on 6 July 1944 before a single shell . A minor problem encountered by the British was that the fuze was sensitive enough to detonate the shell if it passed too close to a seabird and a number of seabird "kills" were recorded. The tank chosen was Germany's own Leopard Main Battle Tank (MBT). Trenches and firing pits and broken ground / shell holes provide decent cover against metal fragments from explosives that blow up when hitting the ground. Consequently, a low frequency signal, corresponding to the frequency difference between the oscillator and the received signal, developed at the oscillator's plate terminal. Once a shot is fired the barrel does return back due to the recoil, I think that such force could be harvested by the two pneumatic cylinders on both sides. SKU:CO5613468. There are three types of player-loadable ammunition in World of Warships: high explosive (HE), armor piercing (AP), and semi-armor piercing (SAP). [10], The National Defense Research Committee assigned the task to the physicist Merle A. Tuve at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. I know that UT weapons aren't supposed to be something realistic, but if someone wanted to analyze for example the flak cannon, how would it do all the stuff it is supposed to do? US $63.98 Scale 1/35 Resin parts - 130 pcs WWII Item 3518 German 88mm FLAK 36 ammo & ammo box Resin Kit. You are at a gateway to WWII discussion, research, exploration, & analysis. I was wondering how such weapon could possibly work, how would cycling ammo work with such a shape and configuration, how does the weapon remove used cartridges from the barrel, how the heck does fresh ammo get in the barrel in the first place (you just see a new shot move magically into the firing chamber). The allies had the edge with the VT fuse. It found use in both the Army and the Navy, and was employed in the defense of London. Before then, they always return false. While smaller shells without fuzes will need to actually hit the aircraft to damage it, most all other AAA will have some type of fuzing. The shell bursts at the appropriate height above ground. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The one on your picture is either 2 or 3. The only Allied option was tactical infatry inserted to upset the German air defenses and provide a diversion for the larger forces to come in after. [17], The fuze was later found to be able to detonate artillery shells in air bursts, greatly increasing their anti-personnel effects.[18]. It does not store any personal data. Built around a miniature radio transmitter and receiver, the VT fuse overcame the major disadvantage of the time and contact fuses and was capable of detecting its target and detonating within 75 feet. Flak as used in the second world war is a larger shell that when fired, travels to the target area and explodes within its general area, hoping to score a hit by Its price point is 75 cents per round and its bullet weight is between 147 and 175 grains. Thus the shell does not have to hit the aircraft just be relatively close. British tests were then carried out with "unrotated projectiles," in this case rockets. As the shell approaches a reflecting object, an interference pattern is created. Additionally, targets with onboard electronics or computers can be damaged by metal fragments when they explode on the surface. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. [52][53] It was among the first mass-production applications of printed circuits. How many shells does a flak gun fire per minute? By the summer of 1941 the Germans introduced their Wurzburg gun laying radar.. The flammable hydrogen gas of the zeppelins made incendiary bullets much more deadly than standard ones which would pass through the outer skin without igniting the gas. Great story. Speed was a factor, and most fighter pilots knew that when strafing a target you never made a second pass.. Luftwaffe flak batteries could be assigned to the army at any time and thousands were. How effective was it in WW2? [citation needed] To prevent premature detonation, the inbuilt battery that armed the shell had a several millisecond delay before its electrolytes were activated, giving the projectile time to clear the area of the gun.[45]. This is particularly dangerous when they strike flammable substances or dry brush. "[32], A key improvement was introduced by Lloyd Berkner, who developed a system using separate transmitter and receiver circuits. This was only partially true. It would have never been used in action. ; "Precision Radar,", Smith, Peter C. Kamikaze: To Die for the Emperor. Darius has done some amazing work researching this vehicle and although he admits there are a few small areas that are still difficult to 100% accurately ascertain, dimensionally . Whats the difference back then to your description? Log in or Sign up to interact with the community. In response to OPs question, the answer involves the invention of Radar. Sure, in UT99 there is some sort of piston that pushes ammo into the firing chamber, but it's placement makes it impossible to get access to ammo from the magazine, there is no space for that. [11] [12] Over 100 American companies were mobilized to build some 20 million shell fuzes. The US found that flak that was high generally caused some damage to bombers but was far less likely to shoot them down than flak that was low. While no one invention won the war, the proximity fuze must be listed among the very small group of developments, such as radar, upon which victory very largely depended. The distance between the fuze and the target was not constant but rather constantly changing due to the high speed of the fuze and any motion of the target. (U.S. Navy) It even potentially saved the life of one of its creators, Dr. Van Allen. The bullets were at first scarce, and as a result, a mix of ball, AP, Mk IV incendiary tracer and Mk VI incendiary were used until production increased to sufficient levels. Follow up question, why do AA guns turn the sky red when theyre being fired? According to 5e designer Jeremy Crawford, " Bonuses stack, unless a feature or item tells you otherwise. A time- or height-triggered fuze requires good prediction by the gunner and accurate timing by the fuze. Tanks and armor couldnt maneuver through the forest, and the Germans had secured all the roads. I would point to the Luftwaffe flak defenses of the Ruhr, their larger cities like Berlin and their oil refineries. For security reasons, and to confuse the enemy, it was initially called 'de Wilde' ammunition, even though the design was almost entirely different from the original version. The Schmetterling, Enzian, Rheintochter and X4 guided missiles were all designed for use with the Kranich acoustic proximity fuze. It was from the cannon shells and incendiary bullets that had hit my machineBullets were going between my legs, and I remember seeing a bright flash of an incendiary bullet going past my leg into the gas tankThen a little red tongue licked out inquiringly from under the gas tank in front of my feet and became a hot little bonfire in one corner of the cockpit.".
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