IE 11 is not supported. He also witnessed the shoot-out between Buchanan and the riders, stating that at least one of the vigilante riders was wounded, possibly two. A person charged with an indictable, In the ACT, theCrimes Act 1900contains sexual offences including sexual assault and offences involving acts of indecency. This means that increased regional . The crime is also transnational in that cattle are moved across borders. He often would beat Ella with a horse. He was also elected Sheriff of Charles Mix County, South Dakota. Under the current Texas law, theft of less than 10 head of cattle, horses or exotic wildlife is a state jail felony. . Jim had built and opened a "road ranch" (a combination eating place and general store) on his homestead property, serving both cowboys and settlers who traveled through headed to Oregon and. A Prince Edward Islander who drifted west as a teenager and became a cattle rustler. Ella later moved on to Rawlins, Wyoming. [citation needed], The transition from open range to fenced grazing gradually reduced the practice of rustling in North America. At the age of sixteen, Ella was courted by a local farmer named William A. Pickell, who was three years older than she. Get the news you want delivered straight to your inbox so you never miss a headline. The now 17-year-old boy, who can't be named . Carriages were secured and decorated and the would-be pallbearers rode down the street in them, reportedly wearing wide smiles. Current law punishes cattle thieves with a third-degree felony, which is punishable by as much as 10 years in prison and a fine of as much as $10,000 if they steal more than 10 head of cattle, horses or exotic livestock. They . The act of cattle-raiding is quite ancient, first attested over seven thousand years ago,[5] and is one of the oldest-known aspects of Proto-Indo-European culture, being seen in inscriptions on artifacts such as the Norse Golden Horns of Gallehus[6] and in works such as the Old Irish Tin B Cailnge ("Cattle Raid of Cooley"), the pais of the Rigveda, the Mahabharata cattle raids and cattle rescues;[7] and the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, who steals the cattle of Apollo. In the early days of the unsettled West, stampeding cattle away from their range was the most popular way to purloin stock. Cattle, horses, sheep, goats, camels etc. Mail further accused intendant Villaln con Salbo of becoming rich by cattle theft. From duffers to drug lords, these cops on horseback pound a very big beat, Inside the family succession drama threatening to change the K-pop industry forever. It seems that the outlaw, who was doing some friendly drinking in the local saloon with the cowboy, had excused himself and gone outside. Bothwell began to fence in parts of Ella's ranch and sent cowboys working for him to harass the couple. Cattle Rustling. Cattle raids play an important part in Indo-European mythology. tario, Canada. Law enforcement remained unaware of the perpetrators of the crimes. Around 1363, it is believed that Timur tried to steal a sheep from a shepherd but was shot by two arrows, one in his right leg and another in his right hand, where he lost two fingers. [9][10], During the 17th and 18th centuries, many Scottish clan chiefs would similarly operate an extralegal Watch over the cattle herds of the Lowland gentry in return for protection money, which the Chiefs used to feed the families of their tenants and clansmen. There are several elements that make up the offence of theft. Sydney NSW 2000, Level 13 Stealing Cattle or Killing Cattle With Intent to Steal is an offence under section 126 of the Crimes Act 1900, which carries a maximum penalty of 14 years in prison. Brittain said cattle in San Angelo can be put in a trailer or 18-wheeler and be across the country in hours. Billings, MT 59101, Telephone: (406) 657-6101 From 2011 to 2012, California's cattle ranchers lost roughly $832,500 in revenue from rustling and missing cattle, according to Bigelow's office. This 1988 tour was memorable. In North America, especially in the Wild West cowboy culture, cattle theft is dubbed rustling, while an individual who engages in it is a rustler. Because Easter stole 15, his punishment . An official website of the United States government. In 1867 the states cattlemen banded together and formed the Colorado Stock Growers Association. Conflict over alleged rustling was a major issue in the Johnson County War in the U.S. state of Wyoming. There, the young man became a skillful horse rider as well as a good shooter. This was one of many events that eventually sparked the Johnson County War. By Josh Brodesky arizona daily star Jan 10, 2007 Jan 10, 2007 . It was unusual during that period in American history for a woman to move independently and alone. Cattle rustling on the rise across Africa . "Sometimes, we'll find that a . On March 23, 1888, Ella filed her claim for her homestead, where she had built her cabin two years before. 66 Goulburn Street While working for Hayes Ranch, Chappa had access to the cattle, embryos and other items. He then rode to the ranch, where he was met by employee Ralph Coe and the two teenage boys. Cattle were frequently kept in very remote places and often without much supervision. Intention to permanently deprive: It can be a defence to theft if the intention to permanently deprive the owner of property wasnt formed at the time the property was taken. Cattle raiding or rustling is an ancient practice (Spencer 2000 and Knighton2005) that refers to the act of stealing livestock - e.g. Subscribers with digital access can view this article. Country crooks: Police charge cattle rustling syndicate over theft of cattle worth up to $200,000. The Texas House Tuesday unanimously voted to enhance penalties for theft of livestock. The test is if he or she intends to treat the property as his or hers and dispose of it regardless of the original owners rights. Cattle raiding is the act of stealing cattle. That included 500 head of cattle, worth between $390,000 and . The Texas House Tuesday unanimously voted to enhance penalties for theft of livestock. This infuriated the cattlemen. In 1872, Sully was elected Charles Mix County, South Dakota, sheriff in a landslide, winning the vote 61-1. There must be some element of dishonesty to the taking of the property: R v Weatherstone. Averell, being the local justice of the peace, began writing about these acts to a newspaper in Casper, Wyoming. Credit:Picture: WA Police. However, the Code stipulates at Section 375 that if the value of the money or property (other than a motor vehicle) allegedly stolen is greater than $30,000, the matter has to go to the Supreme Court. By law, this made the property hers. In the United States, prisoners may wait many years before execution can be carried out due to the complex and time-consuming appeals procedures mandated in the jurisdiction. Famous or Infamous Rustlers (depending on how you look at), @font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }. 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Australia, in common with most Western countries (see Tables 1 and 2), has abolished capital punishment. Summary offences are minor, Indictable offences are serious criminal offences that can be finalised in the higher courts. In the early days a cowboy deprived of his horse or a cattlemen coming up short on calves, often took matters into their own hands, serving quick justice with a tree branch and a rope. A WA abattoir has been cleared of criminal involvement in WA's biggest ever cattle duffing bust with police saying the meat processor unwittingly purchased some of the allegedly stolen cattle. The following terms shall mean and be understood to be as herein defined: a. While modern cattle rustlers have pulled off enormous heists 1,121 calves worth $1.4 million were stolen in the northeast Texas Panhandle last springthefts tend to involve only a few animals . The unprocessed, clean-skin weaner heifers were destined to grow out to become breeding cows on Strathpark Station, managed by Butler, 130 kilometres north of Richmond. About 400 cases are reported annually in the north of the country, and in the south, farmers compare the situation to the Wild West. Explaining Cattle Rustling in Africa. The number of animals stolen and how much a thief can get for them has fluctuated in recent years, Gray said, largely because of the droughts effects on the market and the availability of cattle. While young Gene Crowder watched, they forced her into a wagon, telling her they were going to Rawlins. Livestock thefts have also been linked to organised crime gangs. In addition to ranch work, some cowboys work for or participate in rodeos. His grave lies outside the cemeterys fence, however. Pickell came after her, but was intimidated by her father and fled, having no contact with her afterward. Loading ramps in paddocks or on farms away from direct supervision should also be kept locked or obstructed to prevent stock thieves from making use of them. Large cattle as herein used shall include the cow, carabao, horse, mule, ass, or other domesticated member of the bovine family. Qualifications: 3 yrs experience on a. EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Limited Or Anthology Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actress In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie, EMMY NOMINATIONS 2022: Outstanding Lead Actor In A Limited Or Anthology Series Or Movie. It is recorded that while their detective work was pretty successful, in the end it was not enough not sufficient to turn back the ever oncoming influx of fresh new outlaws. [26], "Rustling" redirects here. 95 North Quay Absentee ranch owners are also at risk for cattle theft. In the American frontier, rustling was considered a serious offense and in some cases resulted in vigilantes hanging or shooting the thieves. Unwatched cattle could be stolen fairly easily and the temptation was great. The bill aims to consolidate definitions of various theft crimes under Wyoming law and modify some penalties. Historically the act of cattle rustling is quite ancient with the first suspected raids conducted over seven thousand years ago. Cattle raiding is the act of stealing cattle. As the offending took place over two years many people had little bits of knowledge," he said. What Effect Will an AVO Have On My Future? The practice dates way back in history. Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? Associated Press tells us that a Montana man who was charged in a cattle rustling scheme has been sentenced to 30 months in prison after pleading guilty to wire fraud and selling cattle that were collateral for loans. There was talk of revenge, but in the meantime a party was organized to retrieve the body and plans went into effect for a first class funeral for the fallen peace officer. "He's now a young man, a witness throughout the investigation and his courage was admirable.". A cattle drive is the process of moving a herd of cattle from one place to another, usually moved and herded by cowboys on horses. WA Police are cracking down on cattle rustling in the states Mid West, Gascoyne and Pilbara. It must also be a belief that you were entitled to the entire property taken and not merely part of it. The Wyoming Senate debated an aspect of House Bill 16 during their Tuesday, March 3 floor session. . Both injuries disabled him for life. (ACT), Deferred Sentences and Suspended Sentences (ACT), Interstate Transfers of Community Based Sentences (ACT), R v EC; R v Kit; R v Sharp: Assessing Criminal Responsibility, R v McHughes: The Drug and Alcohol Sentencing List (ACT), Why Do We Have Intensive Correction Orders? "Having records helps the police get convictions. 575 Bourke Street .has been considerably exaggerated in Western fiction, for it was a precarious procedure which, if botched, could shorten a mans life expectancy., -The American Cowboy Julian Choate and Joe Frantz. The Code specifically says that that definition applies even if a person came by property innocently and only assumed the rights of an owner at some later point. [21], Cattle rustling is common in Nigeria. This service may include material from Agence France-Presse (AFP), APTN, Reuters, AAP, CNN and the BBC World Service which is copyright and cannot be reproduced. Rural crime squad officers are urging anyone with information about the theft or sale of stolen livestock to call Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or make a report online at www.crimestopperswa.com.au. In other areas, especially in Queensland, the practice is known as poddy-dodging with the perpetrator known as a poddy-dodger. With China's rise and democracy's decline, what will the global order look like in 2050? Already a . A court can impose any of the following penalties: The offence of theft is found at section 308 of the Criminal Code 2002. These raids left thousands of people dead and devastated northern Mexico. (ACT), Will v The Queen: Sentencing Discount For Assisting Authorities (ACT), Inquest Findings Approve Use of Tasers by AFP (ACT), Police Search Your Phone Without a Warrant (ACT), Pleading Guilty and Representing Yourself. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. They dont hang rustlers these days, but Montanas Legislature has passed a bill this session to jack-up the penalties not only for the theft of livestock but for illegal branding as well. Most cattle raids ended after the military campaigns of the Conquest of the Desert in the 1870s, and the following partition of Patagonia established by the Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina. Her father was Thomas Lewis Watson, and her mother was Francis Close Watson. Engola appealed to Karamojongs to stop fragmentation on basis of clans, matheniko fighting bokola, Dodoth fighting Jie. (Vic), Can Police Search Your Phone Without A Warrant? Former owner of Woodstock Station, Dezso Istvan Sipos, 58, from Capalaba, was sentenced in the Townsville MagistratesCourt on Monday to two years' jail for stealing 280 head of cattle. Without any pretense of a trial, quite a few neck-tie parties took place during the days when cattle rustling was at its peak. Bookmarks are saved to your account and can be accessed from any device. Police have advised any worker who suspectedillegal activity by a senior manager to come forward without fear of prosecution, if they believe they hadbeen involved unknowingly in livestock theft. Because Easter stole 15, his punishment was bumped up. Both joined Butch Cassidy's notorious Wild Bunch. Rainey Bethea was hanged on August 14, 1936. WA Police are cracking down on cattle rustling in the states Mid West, Gascoyne and Pilbara. "This is probably an indication that theft of these kind of values should be punished with higher sentences.". Buchanan rode in and opened fire on the riders, and a shoot-out followed. Convictions are rare to nonexistent. Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? However, Pickell was abusive, both verbally and physically, and drank heavily. Make sure fences and gates are in a proper condition and employ somebody to daily patrol and fix fences where necessary. The two had a child together, but both Sophia and the infant died from fever in August 1882. Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia. will 2 numbers win anything in powerball; caster semenya baby father; cattle rustling punishment australia Five-centuries-old saffron and ginger found preserved in shipwreck off Sweden, Chinese migrants walked a gruelling 500km to Victoria's goldfields in the 19th century. That's Idaho Cattle Association President Tom McDonnel. In North America, especially in cowboy culture, cattle theft is dubbed rustling and an individual who engages in it is a rustler. Police say the criminal networks targeted under Operation Topography are comprised of people and companies linked to the cattle business, including musterers, livestock trucking companies, truck drivers, stock agents, abattoirs and feed lots. Investigationsby the Cloncurry-based Major and Organised Crime Squad Rural (MOCS), formerly known as the Stock Squad, began in 2015 after complaints were made by Strathpark Station's owner about missing cattle. That cattle rustling includes components like a nexus between illicit business and political power. Chappa defaulted on the loan and Northwest suffered a loss. 406-247-4623, District of Montana Ella filed on a homestead adjacent to Averell's in August 1886 and built a small two-room cabin. American rustlers also stole Mexican cattle from across the border. [17] Violent cattle rustling has caused massive loss of lives such as the Monday 12 March 2001 raid among the Marakwet in Murkutwo Location, Elgeyo Marakwet County, suspected to have been caused by the Pokot. "Number one we have people who don't brand, we have some people who move cattle to non-brand states, we also . Gene and another boy, fourteen-year-old John DeCorey, worked her steadily increasing ranch. Write by: One such incident occurred in the little community of Ohio City, located on Quartz Creek, not far from the foot of Monarch Pass. Section 2. The upswing in cattle rustling may thus be attributed to poor forest governance, which effectively keeps the government and its agents away from forests. Mexican rustlers were a major issue during the American Civil War, with the Mexican government being accused of supporting the habit. Abduction of women and theft of livestock were practiced in many of the world's pre-urbanized cultures, the former likely reaching back to the Paleolithic, and the latter to the earliest domestication of animals in the Neolit. It was said that he never had to kill a man because no outlaw ever had the nerve to call his draw. Doc had a rather matter-of- fact philosophy about his chosen line of work. And a 41-year-old man from Woodbridge is alleged to have used his position as a stock agent to sell stolen cattle. County sheriff Frank Hadsell and deputy sheriff Phil Watson (no relation to Ella) arrested six men for the hangings. This is how we got here and what needs to change, 'Please confirm what Muslim refers to': Why Ali's birthday payment for his nephew was flagged by his bank, Kade was a fit 31-year-old when he died from a heart attack, Sherpa are world famous for their work, which is synonymous with their name. Have a question about Government Services? In his early days, Sully also caused the Government of the United States trouble when he cut timber from government-owned property to sell at the market. The cattle graze buffel grass and Richard said in the winter there is a lot of herbage. A common way for cattle rustling to occur, Huffman says, is when cows stray onto a neighbor's property and the neighbor holds the animal and raises calves from her. The Stock Grower's Association receives 30 to 40 complaints of livestock theft every year, but the number of animals involved in each incident is growing. Homicide at Ohio City were the headlines of a 1906 newspaper, announcing the news that a young local cowboy had shot and killed an outlaw a horse thief. By the middle of July 1889, she had forty-one head of cattle, and she hired a man named Frank Buchanan to mend fences. In the fall of 1888, Ella purchased 28 cattle from a man who was driving them from Nebraska to Salt Lake City, Utah. The guns are used by the warriors to carryout cattle rustling in Karamojo, Teso and parts of Acholi. In the early days of the century, if the law was miles away, well then, one settled up his own scores and his neighbors and the judge sometimes looked the other way. Sheriff Shores was paid little in the way of salary in his early days in Gunnison but earned thousands of dollars in the apprehension of horse and cattle thieves in many locations around the Western Slope. In 2014 the association investigated 790 . All of them need to be proved for a finding of guilt to be made. February 27, 2023 new bill passed in nj for inmates 2022 No Comments . (Vic), Breach Family Violence Intervention Order (Vic), Breach Personal Safety Intervention Orders, Counselling Orders in Family Violence Intervention Order Matters (Vic), Intervention Orders and Firearms Licences (Vic), Persistent Breach of Family Violence Intervention Orders, Assault With Intent to Commit a Sexual Offence, Assault With Intent to Commit an Indictable Offence, Causing Injury Intentionally or Recklessly (Vic), Controlled Weapon or Prohibited Weapon? .in what is now a lonely forsaken little cemetery overgrown with sagebrush. The two were married on November 4, 1879. At the time, the Maverick Law stated that unbranded calves found on a property were to be branded with an "M" and became the property of the Wyoming Stock Growers Association, a powerful group of cattlemen at the time. By 1900, the rustling gang had accumulated over 12 members, stolen 50,000 cattle and 3,000 horses, as well as killed seven settlers on the Missouri River. Much of Texas is out of the drought stage, and ranchers are still grappling with theft due to the record prices caused by the decline in cattle production. Since then, the state has not executed more than one person on a single day, though there is no law prohibiting it. They suffer millions of shekels in annual losses. This often takes place at night, posing problems for law enforcement, because on very large ranches it can take several days for the loss of cattle to be noticed and reported. The maximum penalty for theft is a fine of 1000penalty unitsand/or 10 years imprisonment. AgForce cattle board chairman Will Wilson said the sentences, while welcome, underlined a need for stronger penalties on animal theft. Sully and his wife moved to the Rosebud Indian Reservation, and the former became the leader of an outlaw gang which caused the loss of hundreds of cattle and horses from Dakota Territory properties each year. Once there he mounted the cowboys horse and took off at a dead run with not only the horse but the saddle, a rifle, and a revolver as well. Current law punishes cattle thieves with a third-degree felony, which is punishable by as much as 10 years in prison and a fine of as much as $10,000 if they steal more than 10 head of cattle, horses or exotic livestock. Any person who commits theft of, or knowingly kills, sells, drives, leads, transports, or rides away, or in any manner deprives the owner of the immediate possession of any cattle, horses, mules, sheep, goats, swine, or asses, either live or slaughtered, or any portion of the slaughtered carcass thereof, or any person who commits theft of, or knowingly kills, sells, drives, leads, transports . (WA), Murder and Manslaughter and Other Homicides (WA), Sexual Penetration Without Consent in Western Australia, Suffocation & Strangulation and Persistent Family Violence (WA), The Age of Consent and Child Sex Offences (WA), AOD (Alcohol and Other Drug) Diversion Program (WA), Community Protection Offender Register (WA), Can Police Search Your Phone Without a Warrant? If you require legal advice or representation in any legal matter, please contact Armstrong Legal. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. [3] In North America, especially in the Wild West cowboy culture, cattle theft is dubbed rustling, while an individual who engages in it is a rustler.[4]. A Manitoba teen has admitted to his role in a bizarre cattle rustling that saw nine beefy members of a herd disappear under the cover of darkness. Michelle has over 15 years experience in the legal industry, working across commercial litigation, criminal law, family law and estate planning. Looking for well rounded, experienced hand for a large cow/calf, yearling operation. In Wyoming, . Breaking news, sport, business and more. In 2012, the association investigated 980 reported cases of theft. It often takes place at night, posing problems for law enforcement because on very large ranches it can take several days for loss of cattle to be noticed and reported. As of 2020, the longest-serving prisoner on death row in the US who has been executed was Thomas Knight who served over 39 years. On June 5, Whittley and Boone pleaded guilty to transporting cattle in interstate commerce. An average of 250 head of livestock stolen and around 50 head of cattle killed contribute to this loss each year. In Texas, ranchers lose millions of dollars every year to cattle thieves, Julin Aguilar and Miles Hutson report for the Texas Tribune. When there was no law available, or it was too far away, there was seemingly no need to flinch from serving quick justice to those with the long ropes and the running irons those deemed deserving of being hanged on the spot. Whatever the state of affairs was with these cattle detectives which by now is unknown they were given a lot of latitude. Isaac Parker, perhaps the best-known hanging judge, sentenced 160 men to death by hanging. Fax Line: (406) 657-6989. They could commandeer fresh horses from any ranch, if needed, and board any train with a free pass, if it was in the line of duty and in pursuit of the lawless. Hanging hasnt been the primary method of execution in the United States since the 19th century, and the last public hanging occurred in Kentucky in 1936. In Australia, such stealing is often referred to as duffing, and the perpetrator as a duffer. They admitted to committing similar crimes in Crawford County, Kansas and LeFlore County, Oklahoma. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS The above graphs show: (a) the amount of cattle theft in India per 100,000 people, also called the rate, during the years 1953-2015 (shown in colour seagreen) and (b) the share (as percentage) of cattle theft in total major (cognizable) crime during the same period (shown in colour orchid).The graphs are based on tables of statistics from NCRB reports 1953-2015, India. The proposed bill would define theft as a felony when the value of stolen items is at least $1,500. Beef Central, 01/03/2021. Cowboys move cows north west of Calgary, on May 28, 2013. In Australia, such stealing is often referred to as duffing, and the perpetrator as a duffer. Download the ABC News app for all the latest. A great many other early-day horse thieves and cattle rustlers were more fortunate and got away not all were apprehended, but one famous lawman surely tried. Job will include all phases of cattle work., We offer full time employment on cow/calf unit 26 mi west of Alliance, NE. A simpler method employs a good pair of wire cutters between the neighbor's fine bulls and one's own cows. On July 20, 1889, a range detective, George Henderson, who was working for Bothwell, accused Ella of rustling cattle from Bothwell and branding them with her own brand. On December 3, 1888, Ella applied for the "WT" brand, but was rejected. In 1888, under extreme pressure from small ranchers and homesteaders, the governor repealed the Maverick Law, bringing on heavy opposition from the wealthy cattlemen. The Supreme Court can impose any penalty up to the maximum. MOCS Rural Detective Sergeant Nick Hempel said the convictions were a pleasing result after a difficult four-year investigation leading to the men's arrest. Two people at the centre of an alleged cattle rustling syndicate face further charges. In March 1886, Ella's divorce became final. Any cattle that were stolen from herds under the Chiefs' Watch were either retrieved, or paid for in full.[11]. Part 2 of the same section states that the maximum sentence for theft of cattle . For other uses, see, The examples and perspective in this article, Contemporary cattle raiding (1990present), Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 22:19, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina, "Poddy-Dodger Festival celebrates Croydon's cattle-stealing fame", "The Perfect Gift: Prehistoric Massacres", "Episode 46 The Cattle Raid: Lawrence Manzo: Free Download & Streaming: Internet Archive", "Colonialismo republicano, violencia y subordinacin racial mapuche en Chile durante el siglo XX", "El bandolero chileno del siglo XIX: Su imagen en la sabidura popular", "Bandidaje rural en Chile central (18201920): Cronologa", "Chilenizacin institucional y progreso en Villarrica, Chile, 19001920", "Conflict between Dinka and Nuer in South Sudan | Climate-Diplomacy", "South Sudan horror at deadly cattle vendetta", "Cows, Bandits, and Violent Conflicts: Understanding Cattle Rustling in Northern Nigeria | Olaniyan | Africa Spectrum", "Cattle rustlers kill 23 people in northern Nigeria | World news | The Guardian", "Between Manslaugtering and cattle rustling: The tales of Fulani herdsmen and rural banditry in Nigeria | Calabar Reporters", Israeli farmers face off against master goat thieves, Taking livestock: NIS 5m in beasts rustled last year, "Cattle rustling on the rise in California", "Cattle rustling making a comeback as tough times hit Texas", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cattle_raiding&oldid=1141805329, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 22:19.
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